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Scholar’s Rocks – Zibowen Stones Zibowen rocks are found in Zibo, Shandong province. They are decayed rocks composed of lime, granite or clay stone. Aesthetically wen rocks have a naturalness and antique simplicity. They have a weathered look with dots or crossing lines on the surface and a variety of wrinkled forms. Among this type are aragonite rocks which are usually black and very hard. Wen rocks portray a feeling of “pu.” Scholar’s Rocks – Ying Stones Tradionally produced in Yingde, Guangdong province and in Guanxi province, Ying rocks are limestone with calcite deposits. Less hard than Lingbi, they are often full of furrows with twisted lines on intricately textured surfaces. Notable for their diverse shaped, they appear to embody a thousand hills and valleys, and so are well-suited for representing a far distant landscape. Their typical thin, wrinkled appearance often exhibits traces of sawing and [...] Click here to continue reading. Scholar’s Rocks – Lingbi Stones Ranked first among the four types of famous Chinese scholar’s rocks, are found in the Lingbi county of Anhui Province, China. They are fine-grained, delicately textured limestone and lie deep in the red mud of the Qingshi mountains. Naturally shaped, they need no cutting or carving. Depleted after generations of mining, high quality Lingbi are now quite rare. They are hard and an ordinary knife cannot cut them. Their [...] Click here to continue reading. Scholar’s Rocks – Taihu Stones Found mostly in the vast drainage areas of Tai Lake, these limestone Taihu rocks are hard but brittle, with slight variations among those taken from lake beds and those extracted on land or from different districts in the surrounding environs. Those formed underwater are more precious, because of their fresh, soft color and their multiple, linked perforations produced from years of wave and water erosion. With their pale [...] Click here to continue reading. Bole Bole is a burnishing surface, applied before the gilt, that smooths the wood grain and allows for the gold leaf to be burnished. It’s sometimes colored red or orange or black, and that makes the gold appear richer. Reference note by p4A editiorial staff, May 2011. Brunswick Phonographs The Brunswick-Balke-Collender Company was nearly 75 years old when it entered the phonograph business in 1916. Very shortly after entering the phonograph market, Brunswick introduced a clever tone arm and sound box assembly which could be adapted to play all three styles of disc records on the market at that time (lateral, Edison, and Pathe). Brunswick, aided by its immense cabinet factory, quickly became the number two phonograph manufacturer in the United [...] Click here to continue reading. Julian Scott (1846-1901) Julian Scott was born in Vermont the son of a watchmaker and jeweler. At the onset of the Civil War, the fifteen-year-old Scott became a drummer in the 3rd Vermont, which saw action in the Battle of Lee’s Mills. He ignored the heavy fire to save the lives of 9 wounded men, and was, as a result, awarded the Medal of Honor, thus becoming the first individual soldier to be so [...] Click here to continue reading. Winifred Brady Adams (American, Indiana, 1871 to 1955) Winifred Adams entered Muncie Art School in 1889. When the Muncie Art School was closed in 1891, Winifred attended the Drexel Institute of Art, Science and Industry in Philadelphia before enrolling at the Art Students League of New York in 1895. She studied with William Merritt Chase who was most influential on her art, as well as other noted artists such as Douglas Volk, H. Siddons [...] Click here to continue reading. Andrew Thomas Schwartz (1867 – 1942) Andrew T. Schwartz was born in Louisville, Kentucky. His early education was in the public schools of his hometown, where he showed great promise as an artist. In 1890, he began intense art study with the famed Frank Duveneck at the Cincinnati Art Academy. He later studied with H. Siddons Mowbray at the Art Students League in New York, where he was awarded the Lazarus Scholarship for mural [...] Click here to continue reading. Paul Richard Schumann (1876 to 1946) Paul Schumann has been called the interpreter of the true Texas gulf coast. He was well known for impressionistic paintings of boats, recalling the works of Claude Monet. He worked with bright colors and often used a palette knife to add texture and depth to his canvases. Born in Germany, Schumann came to Galveston as a child and, except for a period when he studied painting in New [...] Click here to continue reading. |
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